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- =START= XMT: 18:48 Fri Oct 26 EXP: 19:00 Fri Nov 02
-
- MARS EXPERTS GATHER TO DEBATE THE QUESTION, "ARE WE ALONE?"
-
- CAPE CANAVERAL, FL (OCT. 26) REUTER - Scientists from the
- United States, the Soviet Union and Europe will gather at
- the weekend to explore the possibilities, or dismiss the
- theories, of life on the ''angry red planet,'' Mars.
-
- Experts are divided into three camps -- those who think Mars
- never could have supported life, those who suspect some type
- of microscopic bacteria do live on the planet, and those who
- believe that life did exist on Mars but is now extinct.
-
- ''We expect some fireworks because of the widely differing
- opinions about the existence of life on Mars,'' said Dr Imre
- Friedmann, organiser of the conference at Florida State
- University. Friedmann has published research raising the
- possibility that primitive Martian life forms lived and
- died, similar to lichens found thriving in Antarctic rocks.
-
- Finding an answer to the question ''Are we alone?'' is
- essential before humans can set foot on Mars, scientists
- say, to protect both human explorers and the Martian
- environment from alien intrusions.
-
- President George Bush set a goal of 2019 for US astronauts
- to land on Mars. The Soviets want to get cosmonauts there
- nine years sooner. Both plan unmanned life-seeking
- preparatory missions in the next few years.
-
- Most knowledge about Mars has come from the US National
- Aeronautics and Space Administration's two Viking probes
- launched in 1975.
-
- From orbit, the spacecraft photographed polar ice caps and
- dry lake beds and stream channels. Automated life-seeking
- landers analysed the atmosphere and surface composition but
- turned up only inconclusive evidence of biochemical
- reactions in the soil.
-
- That knowledge is not enough for scientists who want to know
- why Earth and Mars evolved so differently in spite of their
- relatively close size and position in the solar system.
-
- Exobiologists, specialists in the hunt for life beyond
- Earth, say water -- the necessary element to sustain life --
- is frozen at the poles and flowed across the red planet
- three to four billion years ago.
-
- They say Mars had a more Earth-like climate and active
- volcanoes then, too. But the planet's interior cooled
- quickly and its crust stopped moving. Unlike Earth, Mars is
- seismically dead and without heat to power plate tectonics,
- it cannot recycle life-sustaining elements.
-
- =END=